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Insects that damage wood

Fortunately, relatively few insects actually damage sound wood. Termites, both subterranean termites, drywood termites, carpenter ants and certain powderpost beetles are the primary wood destroying insects, and dry-rot fungi are the primary decay organisms. The potential for damage from any of these pests varies by region and climate with more damage in warm, wet climates and generally less in cool, dry climates.

Damage potential in a particular region varies by insect group as well. Termites, for example, tend to be of more concern in warm climates whereas carpenter ants tend to be more important in cooler climates. Wood-boring powderpost beetles damage structural wood mostly in damp/coastal climates. Powderpost beetles can, however, damage hardwoods, like flooring and furniture, in any climate.

Characteristics of wood-damaging insects

The Wood Damaging Insects table (see image at right) lists the key characteristics of the major and minor insect pests of both softwoods and hardwoods.

The table is downloadable as a pdf file so you'll need Acrobat Reader or equivalent to open it. This version is modified from a similar table published in 1979 by Harry B. Moore in a bulletin titled Wood-Inhabiting Insects in Houses, USDA, FS and HUD.

DIY Pest Control Supplies

Most wood damage from insects and rot can be prevented with relatively low toxicity insecticides and/or pest-targeted baits. Use the following links for supplies and how-to instructions. See our Insect Id Service for bug identification or control recommendations tailored to your situation.

• Carpenter Ant Control Supplies - Carpenter ants are large black ants that nest in structures causing damage. Baits combined with foundation "perimeter" sprays are generally the best approach to protect structures. See carpenter ant control for more information.

• Wood Preservatives for Dry Rot Control - Dry-rot fungi attack and weaken wood. Wood preservatives such as Bora Care and Timbor can be used to protect structural wood. See dry-rot control for more information.

• Wood Treatment for Powderpost Beetles - Small beetle larvae that bore into hardwoods and softwoods. Borate insecticides like Bora Care and Timbor will prevent new infestations. See powderpost beetles for more information.

• Carpenter Bee Control Supplies - Large wood-boring bees that resemble bumble bees. Treat the nest entrance with insecticide and plug the hole. See carpenter bees for more information.

• Subterranean Termite Control Supplies - While most people opt to hire a pest control company to treat for termites, there are DIY baits available. See termites for more information.

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