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Beneficial Nematodes
- Tiny worms that kill soil pests -
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Summary: So called "beneficial" nematodes are microscopic worms that infect and kill certain insect pests in the soil. Some of these nematodes can now be artificially produced and applied like a pesticide against landscape pests.
Jack DeAngelis, PhD
OSU Ext. Entomologist (ret.)
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What are beneficial nematodes?
 Nematodes are microscopic worms (see photo right) that live in all soils. Most species feed on soil bacteria but some are plant pathogens (disease causing organisms), and a few are insect pathogens. The species that attack insect pests are called beneficial nematodes.
Naturally occurring beneficial nematodes are not present in high enough numbers to completely control soil pests like root weevils or mole crickets (see Related Articles below). However, some species can now be mass-produced and applied to soils much like a pesticide. These nematodes are non-toxic and will not harm you or your plants.
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A nematode worm, highly magnified.
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Using nematodes for insect control can be a bit tricky. The most important considerations are adequate soil moisture, proper soil temperature, and product viability. Follow package instructions carefully to have the best chance of success.
Nematodes actually live on a thin film of water that covers soil particles so nematodes are essentially aquatic organisms. Because of this the correct soil moisture is important. Too dry and the nematodes can't swim, too wet and they get washed away.
There are several different types of nematodes made for soil insect control which are available at Arbico Organics, one of our affiliates - see Beneficial Nematodes @ Arbico-Organics; search on "beneficial nematodes". Be sure to select the correct species and follow instructions exactly. Remember, beneficial nematodes are living organisms that must be handled correctly to be effective. Pay particular attention to proper soil moisture and soil temperature.
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Are the nematodes still viable (alive)?
You can, and should, do a nematode viability test before applying nematodes to be certain they are alive and able to function. Mix the nematodes as per package instructions, wait 30 minutes then place a drop or two on a flat piece of glass or clear plastic. Carefully examine the drop under good light with a hand lens. You should be able to see the tiny nematodes wriggling or bending back and forth. If they are stiff, and not moving, they may not be viable.
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Optimum soil temperature varies but generally temperatures above 50 degrees are needed. Finally, because these are living organisms care must be taken in handling and packaging to deliver live nematodes to the target pest.
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Mission: To provide accurate, up-to-date and unbiased information for solving common insect and mite problems around your home, business and landscape using least-toxic methods.
Jack DeAngelis, Ph.D.
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