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Treating Termite
Infestations
- Use
soil treatment and baits -
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Summary: Most termite treatments
should be done by a pest control company that has
access to materials and experience beyond that of
the average homeowner. Some do it yourself termite
baits are now available, however.
Jack DeAngelis, PhD
OSU Ext. Entomologist (ret.)
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Soil treatments for
termites
Subterranean
termites start their colonies in the soil then
extend it into structures where damage occurs.
Because the "root" of the colony is always in the
soil, termite treatments usually involve applying
insecticide to the soil.
In the past, highly
toxic and persistent insecticides, like chlordane
and heptachlor, were applied to the soil during
construction to prevent termites from building
colonies around the structure. Nowadays less toxic
and environmentally damaging materials like bifenthrin , fipronil,
imidacloprid, permethrin and cypermethrin are used. These "pre-construction"
treatments create a toxic barrier that prevent
termites in the soil from moving into the structure
and also stop colonies from getting started (see How Termite Biology Affects
Treatment Options).
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Subterranean
termite entry points. Original drawing
from Wood-Inhabiting Insects in Houses
by Harry B. Moore, 1979. USDA, Forest
Service and HUD. Click the image for an
enlarged view of termite
entry points.
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Soil treatments can also
be applied after construction ("post-construction")
by injecting insecticide into the soil or by digging a
trench around structures and treating the soil
directly. Both pre- and post-construction
treatments should be performed by a pest control
firm because they require special equipment and
experience. See our suggestions for Selecting Pest Control Services.
Spot treatments
If you need to spot
treat an area, for example an individual colony and
mud tubes, you can use Termidor
Insecticide. Termidor is available in
relatively small package size and can be applied
with a garden sprayer.
Baits for subterranean
termites
While pre- and
post-construction insecticide treatments are probably
best left to a pro, you can control termites
yourself with termite baits if you are willing
to spend the time and effort. Termite baits are
relatively new in the battle with these
wood-destroying insects. Poison baits are made of a
cellulose material that has been laced with an insect
growth regulator or insecticide. Termite bait stations are generally placed at
or below ground level where foraging worker termites
find them, feed on the bait and take the poison back
to the colony (see Do
Termite Baits Really Work As a DIY Project?).
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Other termite species
There are numerous
species of "subterranean" termites that differ by
region. You should consult with local experts to find
out the best way to protect structures in your area.
However, in general, structures should be protected
from subterranean termites by a combination of soil
treatment (pre- or post-construction) and baiting. In
areas with Formosan subterranean termites
(Gulf Coast, US, Hawaii, northern Australia) you
should be especially diligent because of this
termite's potential for rapid and extensive damage.
Drywood termites
occur mostly in arid and coastal regions, for example
most of California in the US, where they to can do
significant damage. This termite may built colonies
above ground, entirely concealed in the structure and
unlike their subterranean cousins, they do not
need contact with soil. Often, damage to
cabinets and furniture can be more significant than
damage to structural timbers (see What
are Drywood Termites?).
Dampwood termites
also nest above ground but require wood that is
continuously wet. Generally when the affected wood is
made dry, such as by repair of a collapsed foundation,
the termites disappear. However, structures in
especially damp climates may be attacked directly.
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Termites:
Biology and Pest Management (1998) by M. J.
Pearce.
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Mission: To
provide accurate, up-to-date and unbiased information
for solving common insect and mite problems around
your home, business and landscape using least-toxic
methods.
Jack DeAngelis,
Ph.D.
Please see the Disclaimer statements as
well.
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